computers

1.Memory or storage Capacity Measurement :-We come across different measuring units like kilogram, meter, and liter and so on to measure weight, length and capacity or volumes of different commodities. Similarly, when we have to measure the capacity of computer’s memory, storage devices and length of programs, units like kilogram, meter, and liter cannot be used. Hence, we use the units like BIT, NIBBLE,BYTE, and WORLD.

BIT:-BIT is an abbreviation of the words Binary digit and is the smallest unit of information. It is either ‘0’ or ‘1’. The raw data fed into the computer are first converted into an electrical pulses or BITS, as the computer do not recognize the general from of data like numbers (0-9), alphabets (a-z or A-Z) and special character like punctuation marks and arithmetical signs. The 0 to 1 of the binary system corresponds to the ON and OFF of the flow of electricity in the computer’s circuits. Computer works by recognizing the presence or absence of an electrical pulses of BITS at a particular time.
NIBBLE:- A NIBBLE is a string of four BITS. The earliest form of code, called Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) used a NIBBLE for every characters.for example:-

BITE:-It is the unit of measuring computer’s memory and size of a program. One BYTE is the string of eighty binary digits (BITS). It may rwpersent a single letter, numeral or other characters. Computer memory is expressed in terms of BYTES, KLOBYTES,MEGABYTES GIGABYTES and TERABYTES.
8 BITS = 1 BYTE ,1024 BYTES = 1 KILOBYTE(MB) ,1024 KB = 1 GIGABYTE (GB)1024 GB = 1 TERABYTE (TB)
A ‘’Kilo’ should mean 10^3(10*10*10) that is 1000 bytes. However, since the computer uses Binary System and 2 ^10( i.e. 2*2*2*2*2*2*2*2*2*2) equals to 1024 bytes which is nearly 1000 bytes. Hence, ‘Kilo’ refers to 1024 in measuring units of computer.

Word:- A computer word is defined in terms of bytes of bytes. A word may be formed by combining two or more bytes. The most common combination is of four bytes. Word-length is a length of bits that occupy one location in memory. A computer having a smaller word-length is slower that another having a larger word-length is, though the speed of both is same. Word-length is generally fixed for a computer. But some computers have a changeable word-length i.e. they can be used in doing small or big tasks. Now a- days computers have word-length of 16,32,48,64,128 or even more bits.